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  • Thema von MartinRoberts im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    An audit is an independent and systematic examination of accounts, books, documents, statutory records and vouchers of a company to ascertain that the financial statements and non-financial disclosures present a fair and true view as well as maintained as required by law. Audits provide an assurance by the third party that the subject matter does not contain a material misstatement. While the term is most frequently used to evaluate the financial information of a legal entity, there are various other areas that are commonly audited: internal controls, secretarial and compliance audit, quality management, water and energy management and conservation as well as project management. As a result, various stakeholders can effectively evaluate and, if necessary, improve the effectiveness of risk management, governance and control processes of the legal entity.

    Organization of an audit
    Most companies receive an audit once a year, while some, usually large corporations, can receive audits even on a monthly basis. Often, audit is a legal requirement in order to eliminate the intentional misstatements of financial information in an attempt to commit fraud. For some companies, especially publicly traded ones, audits are used to evaluate the effectiveness of internal control measurements. During the process of auditing, auditors are required to follow auditing standards set by the government body. The process is usually organized in six steps:

    Requesting documents – auditor requests certain documents listed on the preliminary checklist. These documents may include a previous audit report, bank statements, receipts and ledgers as well as organizational charts, bylaws and standing rules and copies of the board and committee minutes.
    Preparing an audit plan – after the auditor has received all required documents, an audit plan is drafted. During this stage, a risk workshop might be conducted in order to identify possible problems.
    Scheduling an open meeting – senior management together with key administrative staff are invited to a meeting during which a scope of the audit is explained. Other details, such as time frames, scheduled vacations and interviews with the auditors are discussed.
    Conducting fieldwork – auditors are speaking with staff members, reviewing processes and procedures, testing compliance with laws and policies, evaluating internal controls as well as discussing possible problems with the organization.
    Drafting a report – auditor prepares a report with detailed findings of the audit. Such details as posting problems, mathematical errors, payments that are authorized and not paid along with other discrepancies and concerns are listed. Finally, the auditor writes a commentary about the findings of the audit and possible solutions for the found problems.
    Setting up a closing meeting – management of the audited company discusses the highlighted problems and describes the action plan to address them along with projected completion date. Finally, the management indicates whether it agrees with the problems pointed out by the auditors. It is important to point out that auditors seek to provide only a reasonable assurance that the audited information is free from material error. Which means that they do not check every figure in the financial statements; they also do not look at every transaction that is carried out by the organization. Auditors do not judge the appropriateness of the business activities, strategies or decisions made by the company’s management.

    Types of auditors
    There are generally three types of auditors:

    Internal auditors – employed by the company for whom they are performing the audit. They provide information to the management of the company about the accuracy of their books and the efficiency of their internal control system.
    Consultant auditors – performing the same function as internal auditors, but are not employed by the company.
    External auditors – follow a set of generally accepted set of standards to evaluate the financial reporting and possible misstatements of the company. Legally required audits need to be performed by external auditors.

  • Bank account opening in Guinea-BissauDatum14.12.2023 12:43
    Thema von MartinRoberts im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    With the right paperwork and initial outlay, it is possible for a foreign citizen to open a bank account in Guinea-Bissau. This opportunity for international accounts and investments offers several advantages based on economic regulations and tax structures. Interest rates, tax laws, and fees vary depending on the specific country in which you are investing; careful research and strategic financial moves could result in significant portfolio growth.

  • Thema von MartinRoberts im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Manufacturing is the largest economic sector in the world, which is also one of the most important, directly and indirectly accounting for a large part of all economic activity and all jobs worldwide. It processes items and is dedicated to either creating new goods or adding value by producing finished goods for sale to customers or intermediate goods to be used in the production process. After the industrial revolution that began in Britain a few centuries ago, labour-intensive textile production was successfully replaced by mechanization and the use of fuel. Today, manufacturing creates jobs, technological development and an increase in international investment.

    For this reason, some jurisdictions are leveraging manufacturing output and value-added exports to increase their operations, business performance and revenue, and to address the challenges and opportunities that manufacturers face every day in conducting their businesses.

    According to Deloitte's 2016 Global Manufacturing Competitiveness Index, China, the United States, Germany, Japan and South Korea are ranked as the top five most competitive manufacturing countries in the world. These countries generate about 60% of global manufacturing GDP.

    China
    Canada and its provinces compete on a global scale for investments that result in low production costs, low wages for factory workers, and the adoption of globally popular product mandates. As a result, there are some significant trends in Chinese manufacturing that can easily be highlighted. These trends include creating a globally competitive, expansive manufacturing business model, helping to create a competitive business environment for manufacturing in China and increasing sales in domestic and overseas markets. This fact can encourage start-ups to grow, invest and compete with other successful manufacturing companies.

    United States
    The United States is successful in attracting investment in many of the world's most active industries, such as aerospace, auto assembly, pharmaceuticals, to name a few. The USA has signed an agreement with Germany to implement a dual vocational training program for the advanced manufacturing sector. US business policies focus primarily on technology transfer, sustainability, monetary control, and science and innovation, giving manufacturing companies (automotive in Detroit and high-tech in Silicon Valley) a competitive advantage.

    Germany
    Germany retains a relatively high share of manufacturing exports. The country provides long-term support in government-sponsored science labs and national programs created to foster manufacturing innovation in areas such as solar and wind power and renewable energy (renewable energy sources accounted for 28% of the country's electricity generation in 2014). In addition to an energy revolution in the manufacturing industry, the country is striving to phase out nuclear energy.


    Japan
    Japan has a technology-intensive manufacturing sector that dominates the global manufacturing landscape in most advanced economies. The country maintains manufacturing competitiveness as there is a close link between manufacturing competitiveness and innovation. Japan has strong potential to become one of the most advanced manufacturing jurisdictions in the world. The Robot Revolution Realization Council was established in the country in 2014 as part of the Japan Revitalization Plan, introducing infrastructure and energy resources for next-generation vehicles. Japanese companies account for 50% of the global factory robot market.

    South Korea
    As the world leader in the manufacture of liquid crystal displays (LCD), smartphones and memory chips, automobiles, and the world's largest shipbuilder, South Korea is actively pursuing growth in free trade agreements with more than 50 countries. The country invests heavily in education and produces a large number of researchers every year. It is also known that supporting manufacturing innovation in South Korea with venture capital investments to boost high-tech startups is identified as a strategic priority.

  • Company formation in LatviaDatum11.04.2023 12:12
    Thema von MartinRoberts im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Latvia has a corporate tax rate of 15%, which is one of the lowest in the European Union. Companies that operate under VAT have to pay tax on purchases at 21%. Certain services, like those related to food products for infants, pharmaceutical products, medical products for disabled persons, domestic passenger transport, books (excluding e-books), newspaper and periodicals, and others, benefit from a 12% VAT rate.

  • Membership in International UnionsDatum05.02.2023 14:04
    Thema von MartinRoberts im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Whether it is an alliance, incorporated union, federal union or supranational body here is the list of unions the country is a member of. Sweden is a member of several unions. They are European Union, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Schengen Area, United Nations, World Bank, World Trade Organization.

    European Union
    Sweden is a member of European Union. On 1 January 1995, it joined the EU as a full member state. The EU is a unique economic and political partnership between 28 European countries that together form a politico-economic union and cover much of the European continent. It covers an area of 4,324,782 km, with an estimated population of over 508 million. People can travel freely throughout most of the continent. Operating as a single market, the EU is a major world trading power. And it's become much easier to live, work and travel abroad in Europe.

    International Monetary Fund
    Sweden is a member of International Monetary Fund. On 31 August 1951, it joined the IMF as a member. The IMF is an organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., of 189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability and facilitate international trade. The IMF now plays a central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and international financial crises. The union is governed by and accountable to the all 189 member countries. As of 2010, the fund had SDR 476.8 billion (about US$ 755.7 billion).

    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
    Sweden is a member of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. On 28 September 1961, it joined the OECD as a member. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (French: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an international economic organisation of 34 countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade, and promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being. It is a forum in which governments can work together to share experiences and seek solutions to common problems. OECD work with governments to understand what drives economic, social and environmental change. OECD measures productivity and global flows of trade and investment.

    Schengen Area
    Sweden is a member of Schengen Area. On 25 March 2001, it was accepted into Schengen Area. The Schengen Agreement is a treaty which led to the creation of Europe's borderless Schengen Area. It entitles every EU citizen to travel, work and live in any EU country without special formalities. It was signed on 14 June 1985 by five of the ten member states of the then European Economic Community near the town of Schengen, Luxembourg. Schengen cooperation enhances free movement of persons by enabling more than 400 million EU citizens to cross internal borders without being subjected to border checks.

    United Nations
    Sweden is a member of United Nations. On 19 November 1946, it joined the UN at its inception date as a full member state. Founded in 1945, the United Nations is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. The work of the United Nations are guided by the principles contained in its founding Charter. It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan, New York City, further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi and Vienna. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing aid.

    World Bank
    Sweden is a member of World Bank. On 31 August 1951, it became a member of the World Bank Group. The World Bank is international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries. It's like a cooperative, made up of 189 member countries. These member countries are represented by a ministers of finance who are the ultimate policymakers at the World Bank. The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty.

    World Trade Organization
    Sweden is a member of World Trade Organization. On 1 January 1995, it joined the WTO as a member. The World Trade Organization is an intergovernmental organization which regulates international trade. At its core are the WTO agreements ratified in national parliaments. It is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. The WTO deals with regulation of trade between participating countries by providing a framework for negotiating trade agreements and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence.

  • Accounting servicesDatum14.12.2022 16:04
    Thema von MartinRoberts im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Confidus expert accountants and lawyers will be happy to offer you the following services:

    Preparation and submission of financial accounts and reports;
    Payroll accounting;
    Drafting annual reports;
    Drafting and bookkeeping all internal accounting documents;
    Communication with local tax offices, if required;
    Corporate account management;
    Legal advice and bookkeeping assistance during audit;
    Revision, improvement and modernization of internal bookkeeping system.
    Choosing Confidus Solutions as your professional accountant will also provide you with the following benefits:

    Cost reductions - We can help you get rid of unnecessary expenses and consolidate transactions and accounts;
    Efficiency and productivity lift - Our services shall give you broader vista for productivity and time to achieve your essential business goals;
    Quality accuracy and fast turnaround time - We adhere to high efficiency rate. We ensure that the highest possible quality of work is carried out;
    Clearness and data security - We draft and submit ongoing reports systematically. Rest assured your data are safe and secure with our professionals.

  • Banks in GreeceDatum15.10.2022 19:25
    Thema von MartinRoberts im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Confidus Solutions list of banks in Greece contains 7 banks.

    You have several options for bank account opening in each one of the banks listed below.

    Select a bank
    National Bank of Greece
    Eurobank Ergasias
    Alpha Bank
    Piraeus Bank
    Attica Bank
    Millennium Bank
    ABBank

  • Economy of GabonDatum20.09.2022 13:22
    Thema von MartinRoberts im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Gabon is considered a developing country. A nation's stage of development is determined by a number of factors including, but not limited to, economic prosperity, life expectancy, income equality and quality of life. As a developing country, Gabon may not be able to provide consistent social services to its citizens. These social services can include things like public education, reliable health care, and law enforcement. Citizens of developing countries can have a lower life expectancy than citizens of developed countries. Gabon exports about US$9.78 billion and imports about US$3.93 billion each year. 19.6% of the country's population is unemployed. The total number of unemployed in Gabon is 405,242. In Gabon, 34% of the population lives below the poverty line. The percentage of citizens living below the poverty line in Gabon is quite high, but nothing to worry about in terms of investments. Potential lenders should look at other economic indicators, including GDP, the rate of urbanization and the strength of the currency, before making investment decisions. Government spending on education is 3.8% of GDP. The country's Gini index is 60. Gabon suffers from severe inequality. The gap between the richest and poorest citizens in this country is quite obvious and highly significant, resulting in dramatically different living standards for rich and poor citizens. Gabon has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.674. Gabon has an upper middle HDI score. This suggests that the majority of citizens will be able to lead a desirable life, although some citizens will not be able to attain a high standard of living. The Global Peace Index (GPI) for Gabon is 1,904. Due to the strong presence of the law enforcement authorities and the high level of social responsibility, Gabon is very safe in international comparison. The Strength Law Index for Gabon is 6. Overall, it is rated as fairly reasonable – bankruptcy and collateral laws can at least adequately protect the rights of borrowers and lenders; Credit reports are usually sufficient and generally available.

    Currency
    The currency of Gabon is the Central African CFA franc. The plural form of the word Central African CFA franc is CFA francs. The symbol used for this currency is Fr and is abbreviated as XAF. The Central African CFA franc is subdivided into centimes; there are 100 in a CFA franc.

    Credit rating
    The credit rating depth index for Gabon is 2, which means that the information is usually insufficient but can still provide some clarity; Accessibility is still a big issue. According to the rating agency S&P, Gabon has a credit rating of BB- and the prospects for this rating are stable. According to the rating agency Fitch, Gabon has a credit rating of BB- and the prospects for this rating are stable.

    Central bank
    In Gabon, the institution that manages the state's currency, money supply and interest rates is called the Bank of Central African States. Locally, the central bank of Gabon is called Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale, BEAC. The average interest rate on deposits offered by local banks in Gabon is 2.6%.

    National debt
    Gabon has a public debt equal to 39.72% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) as estimated in 2014.

    Control information
    Corporate tax in Gabon is 35%. Personal income tax ranges from 5% to 35% depending on your specific situation and income level. The VAT in Gabon is 18%.

    Finances
    The total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) assessed as Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in Gabon is $32912 billion. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) assessed as Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per capita in Gabon was last recorded at $16 million. PPP in Gabon is considered to be below average when compared to other countries. Below average PPP indicates that citizens in this country find it difficult to purchase local goods. Local goods can include food, shelter, clothing, health care, personal care, essential furnishings, transportation and communication, laundry, and various types of insurance. Countries with below average PPP are dangerous locations for investments. The total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Gabon is 16,970 billion. Based on this statistic, Gabon is considered to have a medium economy. Countries with medium economies support an average number of industries and opportunities for investment. It should not be too difficult to find worthwhile investment opportunities in medium economies. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in Gabon was last recorded at $8 million. The average citizen in Gabon has very low wealth. Countries with very low wealth per capita often have lower life expectancies and dramatically lower quality of living among citizens. It can be very difficult to find highly skilled workers in countries with very low wealth, as it is difficult for citizens to obtain the requisite education needed for specialized industries. However, labor can be found for very low rates when compared with countries with higher wealth per capita. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Gabon averaged 5.1% in 2014. According to this percentage, Gabon is currently experiencing significant growth. Countries that are experiencing significant growth offer the best chance for a substantial return on investment, as GDP growth rate is the most important indicator of economic health. As GDP grows, business, jobs, and personal income grow as well.

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